Abstract: The federal student loan program is a disaster. Over five million people are in default even though Congress provides all borrowers with the right to affordable payments and to discharge of borrowers’ debts in specific circumstances. Many student loan borrowers who could benefit from these rights are unaware they exist or are unable to exercise their rights.
As the United States contends with the economic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, federal bankruptcy law is one tool that can be used to resolve the financial distress suffered by individuals and businesses. When implementing this remedy, the question arises whether the law’s application should be viewed as limited to addressing private debt matters, without regard for the public interest. This Article answers the question by looking to modern U.S.
The first section of this Bankruptcy Law Letter examines the questions surrounding the undefined term “educational benefit” in 11 U.S.C. §523(a)(8)(A)(ii), which makes private student loans, which do not meet the IRS definition of being a “qualified educational loan”, nondischargeable. These private loans can include bar review courses, loans for attendance at unacredited schools, loans for school or test preparation and ad hoc borrowing for that somehow relates to education.
Following the financial crisis, many home mortgage borrowers found themselves living in properties encumbered by debt that far exceeded their value. The result was an increase in mortgage default rates, followed by a wave of foreclosures as lenders scrambled to minimize the financial damage to their investments. From the wreckage, a new creature emerged that threatened to devastate borrowers who believed that foreclosure was their chance for a fresh start: the zombie mortgage.
